Specificity principle vs acciciative12/27/2023 An infant has an instinct to step but cannot hold up her weight at first. For instance, the Moro reflex disappears around 2 months after peaking around 1 month of age, the rooting reflex disappears around 4 months, while the sucking reflex stays with us for life. They help the infant survive and disappear when no longer needed. These reflexes are present at birth, or close to it, showing some variation in when they appear. Other reflexes include walking/stepping, tonic neck, palmar grasp, and plantar grasp. The infant’s response is to throw out her arms and legs and extend her neck, which is followed by bringing her arms together. Another reflex present at birth is called the Moro reflex and occurs when an infant is startled by a loud sound or falls backward. With time and practice, they come to handle the process fine. Once a nipple is in the infant’s mouth, sucking begins automatically though the coordination of the rhythmic sucking movements and breathing can be difficult for some infants at first. The point is to find the nipple at feeding time. Consider the rooting reflex which consists of turning the head and sucking (response) elicited by stroking the side of the infant’s mouth or cheek (stimulus). Several reflexes are exhibited by an infant as early as birth and occur automatically (they do not have to be learned). Reflexes can include a single gland or muscle such as in the case of an eye-blink in response to a puff of air while others involve several muscles or glands such as in the Moro reflex described below. Both the stimulus and subsequent response make up a reflex. The reflex is not the response (as is commonly thought) of kicking out but the total relationship of the hammer striking the knee causing the leg to kick out. An example would be a doctor using a hammer to strike your knee (the stimulus) which causes your leg to kick out (the response). The term reflex indicates the relationship between innate behaviors and the environmental events or stimuli that elicit them. We will discuss reflexes and modal action patterns and then move to a discussion of how repeated stimulation leads to either an increase or decrease in responding or the strength of a response. Elicited behaviors are behaviors that occur due to a specific environmental stimulus. These behaviors help an organism adapt to its environment and cope with demands. Differentiate the two types of non-associative learning.īefore we dive into behaviors that change or are acquired due to learning, we need to first discuss those that are innate and how they change.Describe modal action patterns as a type of elicited behavior. Describe reflexes as a type of elicited behavior.We will then move to a discussion of two types of non-associative learning - habituation and sensitization - and provide evidence for their adaptive advantage. These include reflexes and modal action patterns. To that end, we will discuss elicited behaviors. Before we do that, we need to address the fact that some types of behavior are innate. In the modules that follow this one, we will discuss associative and observational learning.
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